Early identification and intervention of avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID) amongst autism children and young people: a scoping review

Purpose Avoidant restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID) was formally recognised as an eating disorder in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-Fifth Edition in 2013. ARFID is characterised by three primary features, namely, sensory-based avoidance of food, negative food experiences or not experiencing hunger feelings. ARFID is particularly prevalent among autistic children and adolescents, significantly impacting their psychological, physical and social health needs. However, challenges remain in the early recognition of ARFID and the availability of effective interventions. This study aims to examine the key signs and symptoms to support early identification of ARFID in autistic children and young people, alongside an exploration of evidence-based interventions. Design/methodology/approach A scoping reviewed was conducted using the Joanna Briggs Scoping Review Methodology to examine and understand the current signs and symptoms of ARFID, as well as existing interventions. Findings The search identified 390 articles, with 10 meeting the inclusion criteria for the review. Two key themes emerged: presentation and intervention. Originality/value This study highlights challenges in identifying ARFID, including diagnostic overshadowing and misdiagnosis. Findings emphasise the importance of incorporating person-centred approaches into interventions and involving a multi-disciplinary team at both diagnosis and intervention stages. Future research should prioritise the development of standardised guidelines for diagnosing and managing ARFID as well as developing effective screening tools.