Ambient Temperature Modulation of Volatile Terpenes and Esters in <i>Chrysanthemum indicum</i> var. <i>Aromaticum</i> : An HS‐SPME‐GC–MS Profiling Study

ABSTRACT Chrysanthemum indicum var. aromaticum ( Ci . var. aromaticum ) is a rare alpine aromatic plant with the potential to be used as a natural perfume due to its high‐value essential oil content. However, the lack of data on the effects of climate parameters, especially temperature, on its aroma profile has limited its large‐scale cultivation. In this study, the effect of ambient temperature (10°C, 15°C, 20°C, and 25°C) on the aroma profile of Ci . var. aromaticum was systematically investigated using a static headspace solid‐phase microextraction coupled with chromatography‐mass spectrometry (HS‐SPME‐GC–MS) approach. The results showed that 20°C was favourable for the accumulation of volatile compounds (reaching 984.799 μg/g in flowers and 1802.368 μg/g in leaves), among which terpenes dominated the composition of aroma components, reaching 847.607 μg/g in flowers and 1689.583 μg/g in leaves. Additionally, 20°C was also conducive to the accumulation of esters and alcohols, while the unique substances in flowers and leaves were different at different temperatures, indicating that temperature had a greater regulatory effect on the types of volatile compounds. In conclusion, the growing condition of 20°C was favourable for the accumulation of volatile/aroma compounds in Ci . var. aromaticum , which may provide data support for the introduction, domestication, and aroma quality detection and control of Ci . var. aromaticum as a natural perfume.