Column Chromatography-based Isolation and Characterization of Bergapten and Gallic Acid from Angelica glauca Edgew. Roots and their Anti-alzheimer Effect by Targeting Anticholinesterase Enzyme

Introduction: Isolation of bioactive compounds is often done using column chromatography. As these isolated phytocompounds may be a considerable source of therapeutic compounds, therefore, research must be carried out to meet the demand for effective treatment of ailments. The objective of the present work was to isolate and characterize secondary metabolites from Angelica glauca Edgew. Roots and to evaluate the isolated compounds for anti-Alzheimer';s effect. Methods: After the primary phytochemical screening, column chromatography of the ethanolic extract (EE) of Angelica glauca Edgew';s root resulted in the isolation of compounds A1 and A2. The characterization and subsequent structure elucidation were done, which confirmed the compounds asbergapten and gallic acid. Results: The present work reveals the first report of the presence of these two bioactive compounds in EE of A. glauca and its anti-Alzheimer activity. Compounds A1 and A2 exhibited dose-dependent enhanced memory in mice. The discrimination index was significantly higher for A1 (67.30±1.08) than A2 (60.10±1.03) in the NOR test. Compound A1 exhibited the lowest transfer latency and highest inflection ratio after 24 h in the elevated plus maze model, followed by compound A2. Discussion: The research also revealed that higher dosages of compounds A1 and A2 (3 mg/kg b.w.) may significantly treat AD. After administering donepezil as the reference standard drug, both the isolated compounds resulted in the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butylcholinesterase (BuChE), which is supposed to prevent acetylcholine breakdown and boost cholinergic activity. Conclusion: It was concluded that bergapten and gallic acid isolated from the EE of the plant A. glaucaand, especially at a dose of 3 mg/kg b.w., can be meaningful to alleviate the symptoms of AD significantly.