Revisiting Sarton with AI: A Contemporary Reappraisal of the Islamic Scientific Legacy (750–1100 CE)

Background: The study revisits George Sarton's foundational Introduction to the History of Science, particularly his treatment of the Islamic Golden Age. By combining Sarton's methodology with modern AI tools, the research aims to re-examine this era's scientific legacy and its global relevance, especially in today’s interdisciplinary and digital age. Aim: The study aims to provide a modern, AI-enhanced analysis of Sarton’s work, focusing on the Islamic Golden Age (750–1100 CE). It seeks to clarify misconceptions, highlight Muslim scientists’ key contributions, and bridge past scientific achievements with contemporary educational and research approaches. Results: Analyzing prominent Muslim scholars through Sarton’s framework and AI tools revealed a deeply interconnected and spiritually enriched scientific culture. The study demonstrates the continued relevance of Islamic scientific thought and dispels the myth of a stagnant Middle Ages, showing instead a period of vibrant innovation. Conclusion: The study successfully repositions the Islamic Golden Age as a vital chapter in global science history. By integrating Sarton's scholarship with AI analysis, it underscores the need for a more inclusive, accurate narrative that honors past innovations and informs future interdisciplinary science education.