Bringing the Neglected out of Neglected Tropical Diseases: A Systematic Literature Review

Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs) represent a group of infectious diseases that disproportionately impact the world’s most vulnerable and marginalized populations. Affecting over 1.7 billion people globally, NTDs are most prevalent in sub-Saharan Africa, Southeast Asia, and parts of Latin America, where poverty, inadequate sanitation, and limited healthcare infrastructure are common. Despite their significant health, social, and economic burden, these diseases remain underreported and underprioritized in global health agendas. The objective of this review is to synthesize existing evidence on the epidemiology, control strategies, and emerging innovations in the fight against NTDs, with a focus on the global, African, and Cameroonian contexts. The study employs a mixed-method approach, incorporating literature review and case study analysis, to provide a comprehensive understanding of the challenges and opportunities in addressing NTDs. Key themes explored include the persistence of disease due to socio-political instability, weak healthcare systems, stigma, and funding shortfalls. The review also highlights ongoing interventions such as mass drug administration, community-based strategies, and innovations in diagnostics and vector control. Special attention is given to Cameroon, where nine of the twenty recognized NTDs are endemic. The review concludes that addressing NTDs requires a multifaceted, collaborative approach involving health system strengthening, community engagement, and increased investment. These efforts are essential to reduce the burden of NTDs and achieve the health-related targets of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).