Multidrug Resistance <i>of Escherichia Coli</i> by Production of TOHO, NDM and SHV Type Enzymes at the Pietro Annigoni Research Centre (CERBA)

Antibiotics are drugs used to fight infections caused by bacteria. They are one of the most important discoveries in medicine that has saved and continues to save millions of lives each year, but their effectiveness is threatened because bacteria can adapt and resist treatment. The present study aimed to identify the <i>bla </i><SUB>NDM,</SUB> <i>bla </i><SUB>SHV </SUB>and <i>bla </i><SUB>TOHO </SUB>genes in<sub> </sub><i>Escherichia coli </i>strains isolated from patients at the Pietro Annigoni Biomolecular Research Center (CERBA) in Ouagadougou. The isolation and purification of bacterial strains from the stools and urine of internal and external patients of CERBA were carried out on selective media and Muller Hinton (MH) medium. The antibiogram was carried out according to the disc diffusion method. The API 20E biochemical gallery (Bio Mérieux, France) was used for the identification of enterobacteria and the <i>bla </i><SUB>NDM,</SUB> <i>bla </i><SUB>SHV </SUB>and <i>bla </i><SUB>TOHO</SUB> genes were detected by conventional Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). A total of one hundred and twenty-two (122) strains of Gram-negative bacilli were isolated, including 85 (69.67%) strains of <i>E. coli. All E. coli </i>strains were resistant to at least one of the antibiotics studied. Conventional PCR showed that 48.23% (41/85) of <i>E. coli strains </i>carried at least one gene studied. Among the 85 <i>E. coli </i>strains, 35.30% (30/85) of the strains harbored the <i>bla </i><SUB>NDM</SUB> gene, 18.82% (16/85) <i>bla </i><SUB>SHV </SUB>and 8.23% (7/85) of strains carrying the <i>bla </i><SUB>TOHO </SUB>gene.<sub> </sub>Among the 85 strains,<sub> </sub>the coexistence<sub> of </sub><i>bla </i><SUB>SHV </SUB>genes + <i>blah </i><SUB>NDM,</SUB> <i>blah </i><SUB>SHV </SUB>+ <i>blah </i><SUB>TOHO,</SUB> <i>blah </i><SUB>TOHO</SUB> + <i>bla </i><SUB>NDM, </SUB>and <i>bla </i><SUB>SHV </SUB>+ <i>bla </i><SUB>NDM </SUB>+<sub> </sub><i>bla </i><SUB>TOHO </SUB>were found in 16.47% (14/85) in total. This study has highlighted the multi-resistance of ESBL-producing <i>E. coli strains </i>carrying the <i>bla </i><SUB>NDM,</SUB> <i>bla </i><SUB>SHV </SUB>and <i>bla </i><SUB>TOHO </SUB>genes. The strong coexistence of genes in certain <i>E. coli strains </i>requires efforts to find new therapeutic solutions to combat bacterial resistance.