Water Supply and Sanitation Crisis in Joragate Railway Slum, Khulna: A Study on Groundwater Quality, Hygiene Practices, and Health Risks

This study explored water quality, sanitation practices, waste disposal systems, and socio-economic conditions in the Joragate Railway Slum, located in Ward 21 of Khulna District, Bangladesh. Four blocks Greenland A, D, E, and F were selected and 300 households were surveyed. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and simple random sampling techniques. Additionally, 14 groundwater samples were collected during the monsoon and winter seasons and analyzed for a range of physico-chemical parameters as well as microbial indicators were also tested. The results showed that while the water quality was generally acceptable, elevated sodium and alkalinity levels during winter raised concerns. Microbial contamination exceeded safe limits across all blocks, posing significant public health risks. The Water Quality Index (WQI) showed the water quality as generally good for drinking and domestic use, though hygiene practices and infrastructure gaps remain critical. Sanitation was inadequate, with reliance on pit latrines, child open defecation, and poor hygiene, though Greenland-F exhibited comparatively better awareness and cleanliness practices. The study emphasizes an urgent need for additional deep tubewells, improved sanitation, structured waste management, and public health education programs. Alongside, promoting hygiene awareness and proper waste disposal practices is vital for reducing disease risks and improving living conditions in this vulnerable community.