Septic Arthritis Caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae in a Patient with B-cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: A Case Report

This case report describes a 53-year-old female with newly diagnosed B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) who developed septic arthritis due to Klebsiella pneumoniae during induction chemotherapy with a modified CALGB protocol.The diagnosis was challenging, requiring multiple imaging modalities (ultrasound, MRI, and PET scan), and was ultimately confirmed via synovial fluid culture obtained through arthroscopy.Despite targeted antibiotic therapy and surgical intervention, the patient experienced persistent joint dysfunction, necessitating referral for total hip arthroplasty.This case highlights the importance of high clinical suspicion for septic arthritis in immunocompromised patients, the critical role of synovial fluid analysis in diagnosis, and the need for multidisciplinary management.