Analyze the Mechanistic Role of LOX-1 in Cardiovascular Diseases: A Review

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major global health concern that leads to illness and death. One of the primary risk factors for CVD is dyslipidemia, which can cause an elevation of oxidized LDL. Recently, the lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor 1 (LOX-1 receptor), a transmembrane protein found in endothelial cells, platelets, cardiomyocytes, and other cells, has gained attention. LOX- 1 receptors are responsible for recognizing oxLDL, and overactivation can trigger pathways that cause tissue damage, including endothelial dysfunction and apoptosis, process under investigation involves the following: promotion of platelet activation and adhesion to endothelial cells; ADP-mediated aggregation; and the development of cardiac fibrosis and myocyte apoptosis. Measuring soluble Lox1 (sLox1) levels in the serum may be considered a potential CVD biomarker in all stages of CVD. Synthetic Lox1 inhibitors and neutralizing antibodies have recently been developed, making Lox1 a target for drug development. This review examines the main findings of LOX1’s role in development, diagnostic and treatment strategies to prevent and manage heart disease. It emphasizes the contribution from LOX1 in the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis, endothelial dysfunction and inflammation, which is important factor in the progression of CVDs. In addition, the capacity of LOX1 is discussed in the reviews, which is a biomarker for initial identity and promises it as a therapeutic goal in the innovative treatment method aimed at reducing cardiovascular risk. The conclusion of the review is as such: that LOX-1 should be considered a primary marker of CVSs, and that its inhibition should be a priority in order to reduce the risk of cardiac events.