COVID-19 Vaccination Coverage in AL-Qassim District, Iraq: Epidemiological Analysis (2021-2022)

Background: Vaccines against COVID-19 have been instrumental in preventing the spread and severity of the disease in the world. In Iraq, coverage and distribution of vaccines across regions have differed. Objectives: The objective of this study was to assess the coverage of three types of COVID-19 vaccines in Al-Qasim District, Babil Governorate, Iraq, in the years 2021 and 2022. Materials and Methods: In a retrospective observational study, local health authority vaccination data were utilized. The study population was approximately 310,000 residents of three sub-districts. Monthly data for 2021 and 2022 were included for the quantity of vaccine doses (first and second doses) administered and the types of vaccines received (Pfizer, Sinopharm, and AstraZeneca). Statistical analysis with SPSS was carried out to determine trends and differences over time in vaccination uptake. Results: There were 33,108 individuals who received the COVID-19 vaccination in 2021, most of whom received the initial dose. In comparison, 12,197 individuals were vaccinated in 2022, and more individuals received second doses than in 2021. Based on evidence, a decline in the number of individuals who received the vaccination in 2021 versus 2022 was noted, despite an increase in second dose completion in 2022. Conclusion: The outcome reveals heightened early vaccine coverage in 2021, which is likely due to early public health engagement and increased urgency in early vaccine rollout. The lower rates of 2022 reflect public interest waning or logistical ineffectiveness. However, the greater percentage of completion of second doses in 2022 reveals improved follow-through and may be increased trust in the vaccination process. Targeted interventions may be required to maintain and enhance vaccine coverage, particularly among disadvantaged groups.