The therapeutic potential of Zinic Oxide Nanoflower loaded with galantamine in treating Alzheimer disease in the animal model

The objective of this research was to inspect the neuroprotective effects of GAL loaded on ZnO nanoflowers following AD in adult male rats. The animals were categorized into five groups: control, AD, unloaded nanoflowers, GAL, and nanoflowers loaded with GAL. In the blood and brain tissue of rats, AD caused a significant increase in the levels of NO, MDA, H2O2 and ROS, increased Beta amyloid formation and apoptosis and a decrease in the level of SOD and CAT and the formation of ACh and AChE. Furthermore, AD was associated with significant elevations in the inflammatory markers IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α in the blood, while IL-10 levels decreased. Treatment with unloaded nanoflowers and GAL post-AD improved numerous biochemical markers, bringing them closer to control group levels and shifted them away from AD group values. Notably, the administration of GAL loaded on nanoflowers significantly ameliorated all biochemical parameters examined. This approach effectively decreased NO, MDA, H2O2, and ROS levels, reduced beta-amyloid formation and apoptosis, and enhanced SOD and CAT activity as well as Ach and AchE production in both blood and brain tissue. Additionally, there was a downward modulation of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α levels. in the blood, along with an increase in IL-10. However, this study offers novel insights into the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant mechanisms of GAL, underscoring the necessity for additional investigation to clarify the role of GAL-loaded nanoflowers in the management of Alzheimer's disease is highlighted.