Molecular diagnosis of the <i>Ganoderma</i> isolated from Mosul city, Iraq and isolation of some of its active compounds

Macrofungi are extremely important organisms in our lives because they produce numerous biologically active compounds, which have been utilized in various industrial applications, as well as in the medical field. They also produce antibiotics and anticancer pharmaceutical compounds, making them promising therapeutic agents.The present study aimed to discover the presence of macrofungi in different areas of Mosul city / Iraq, and identify bioactive secondary compounds from them. The survey trips lasted four months in the forests of Mosul and in separate areas of the left coast of Mosul city. These surveys demonstrated that 10 fruiting bodies belonged to the genus Agaricus sp. (Mo1-Mo2-Mo3) and Ganoderma sp. (Mo4), Polyporus sp. (Mo5), and Coprinellus sp. (Mo6). The isolate Mo7-Mo8 belongs to the genus Pluteus sp., and M10 belongs to the genus Ascomycetes Nigrospora sphaerica. As for the Ganoderma sp., its molecular diagnosis was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Band separation was observed, with a size of 650 base pairs. When studying the sequence of the nitrogenous bases of the DNA, no sites of genetic variation were found compared to the ITS gene on the National Centre for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), given the code PP534170.1. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to separate the active bioactive secondary compounds, such as Benzene, 1-isocyano-2-methyl-, 4-Formylbenzeneboronic acid, 9-Octadecenamide, (z)- and Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, based on the retention time for each compound. The present study is the first of its kind to combine genetic and chemical analysis of Ganoderma in Mosul city . This leads to the development of environmentally friendly compounds in the treatment of many diseases.