The influence of hydrophilising substances on the physicochemical properties of chitosan gels with a protective effect on the oesophageal mucosa

This study aimed to analyse hydrogels intended to prevent irritation of the oesophageal mucosa in individuals sensitive or allergic to commonly used substances that neutralise acidic gastric contents. Such sensitivities can hinder effective management of gastrointestinal disorders involving the stomach and oesophagus. The research focused on assessing the influence of hydrophilizing agents: glycerol, polyethylene glycol 200, and propylene glycol-1,2 on the properties of chitosan-containing gels. In vitro experiments demonstrated that hydrogels formulated with chitosan and the selected hydrophilizing agents can potentially alleviate reflux symptoms. The incorporation of chitosan resulted in an increase in gel pH and dynamic viscosity, both of which support the neutralisation of acidic gastric contents. Texture analysis further revealed that both chitosan and the hydrophilizing substances significantly enhanced the adhesive properties of the gels, as indicated by increased adhesion work. These findings suggest that the developed formulations offer an effective alternative for individuals with sensitivities to standard antacid therapies.