Influence of Thread Geometry and Bone Density on Stress Distribution in Dental Implants: A Finite Element Study

The thread design significantly affected stress distribution, with square threads reducing implant stress but increasing cortical bone load, whereas trapezoidal threads minimized cortical stress at the cost of higher implant stress. Square threads may be preferable for dense bones, whereas trapezoidal designs may enhance stability in low-density bones. Preoperative bone density assessment is critical for optimizing thread selection and ensuring long-term implant success.