Endophytic biosurfactants–chitosan biopreparation: an innovative formulation for enhancing crop plant growth

Endophytic microorganisms are crucial in enhancing plant growth and augmenting resilience to environmental stresses. This study evaluated the synergistic effect of a biosurfactant produced by B. pumilus 2A, an endophyte derived from Chelidonium majus L., combined with chitosan dissolved in citric acid. Biopreparations at concentrations of 0.1-0.4% were formulated and tested on five crop species: Zea mays (corn), Secale cereale (rye), Fagopyrum esculentum (buckwheat), Avena sativa (oats), and Hordeum vulgare (barley). The optimal formulation was identified at 0.2%, significantly enhancing root and stem growth, particularly in buckwheat and rye (up to 316% relative to control). While the chitosan solution acidified the soil, potentially affecting some plant responses, the combined formulation proved highly effective. The results highlight the agricultural potential of combining chitosan and biosurfactants for use in agricultural systems, promoting plant growth even under stress conditions.