Advances in Dealloying of Ti and Ti-Based Alloys for Biomedical Applications

Dealloying technique has been used for centuries as an attractive method for producing porous surfaces by removing one or more undesirable elements from the surface. Since early 2000s, the technique has been further developed for understanding the dealloying mechanism and tailoring it to produce chemically homogeneous materials with nanoporous (np) morphology. Dealloying has found numerous applications such as sensors, catalysts, as well as in the biomedical field, which is fairly recent and has attracted great attention on this topic. This review investigates the dealloying technique for preparing nanoporous materials and nanoporous surfaces by using different modification routes on various types of Ti-based alloys for biomedical implant application. There has been significant growth in studying dealloying of crystalline, amorphous, shape memory, and composites-based Ti alloys. This review aims to summarise the findings from literature and discuss the scope of this technique and challenges involved for future aspects.