Geospatial Mapping and Accessibility Analysis of Eye Health Facilities: A Case Study of Dhaka City Corporation

Access to quality eye care is vital for public health, yet in Bangladesh, it is hindered by inadequate infrastructure, limited facilities, and insufficiently trained personnel. This study examines the accessibility and spatial distribution of eye health services in Dhaka City Corporation using Geographic Information Systems (GIS), Eight Key Informant Interviews (KIIs), and Six Focus Group Discussions (FGDs). GIS analysis revealed that only 14% of the city is adequately served, 45% is overserved, and 41% is underserved. The Average Nearest Neighbour (ANN) analysis indicated a significantly dispersed pattern (ANN ratio = 3.34; z-score = 20.49; p < 0.001). Key challenges include financial constraints (66.7% of respondents), poor accessibility for people with disabilities, transportation barriers, and lack of service information. While 68.8% of participants were satisfied with services and gender parity was noted, gaps in coverage and consistency persist. The findings call for equitable distribution of resources, mobile outreach, and improved affordability.