Optimal cubic composite of tungsten (VI) oxide chloride/poly N-methyl pyrrole as a potential thin film for optoelectronic uses with the photodiode behavior

A high-performance cubic composite of tungsten (VI) oxide chloride/poly N-methyl pyrrole (WO 2 Cl 2 /PNMP) has been synthesized as a promsing n-type layer using a one-pot fabrication method. This innovative thin-film composite exhibits exceptional optoelectronic properties through the deposition on the p-layer of poly-1H pyrrole (P1HP) for the construction of WO 2 Cl 2 /PNMP/P1HP. The WO 2 Cl 2 /PNMP material features a distinct cubic crystalline structure with an optimal crystal size of about 11 nm, which enhances its structural stability and performance. A standout characteristic of the WO 2 Cl 2 /PNMP composite is its remarkable optical absorption in the visible (Vis) and ultraviolet (UV) regions, pivotal for its optoelectronic functionality. The device created from this composite achieved a peak current density under light (Jph) of approximately 0.39 mA cm −2 . Additionally, the Jph values at photon energies of 3.6 eV and 2.3 eV were estimated at 0.34 mA cm −2 and 0.28 mA cm −2 , respectively, emphasizing its effective photoconductive response. Furthermore, the device exhibited an optimized photoresponsivity (R) of 3.4 mA·W −1 at 3.6 eV, confirming its strong light-harvesting capabilities. The estimated detectivity (D) value of 0.75 × 10 9 Jones at this photon energy further highlights its potential for high-sensitivity photodetection. In addition to its technical benefits, this optoelectronic thin film showcases the photodiode Schottky behavior, beside its economic feasibility, making it a practical option for cost-effective large-scale production. With its impressive optoelectronic performance, structural robustness, and scalability, the WO 2 Cl 2 /PNMP/P1HP-based device is highly recommended for industrial applications in optoelectronics, including photodetectors, sensors, and various light-responsive technologies.