Prevalence and Patterns of Iron Deficiency in Pediatric Beta Thalassemia Trait: Diagnostic Challenges in Overlapping Conditions

Beta thalassemia is one of the most common inherited hemoglobin disorders worldwide, resulting from mutations in the -globin gene that lead to reduced or absent -globin chain synthesis [1].The heterozygous form, known as beta thalassemia trait (BTT), is usually asymptomatic but is characterized by microcytosis, hypochromia and a mild anemia [2].While BTT itself does not cause severe clinical problems, its accurate diagnosis is essential for genetic counseling and prevention of birth of severe forms such as beta thalassemia major or hemoglobin E beta thalassemia.In populations with a high prevalence of BTT, screening programs are crucial for early identification and carrier detection [3].