Multiphase-based predictive framework construction of abrasive wear performance in C–V–Cr–Mo alloys

Abrasive wear persists as the dominant failure mechanism in crushing equipment, driving the demand for predictive models to guide wear-resistant alloy design and equipment lifespan assessment. Conventional models (e.g., Archard's law) relying on macrohardness alone prove inadequate for alloys with intricate microstructures. To address this limitation, this study established a novel multiphase-based predictive framework that integrated phase-specific characteristics (carbide types, distribution) and impact toughness to accurately forecast abrasive wear in C–V–Cr–Mo alloys. By synergizing thermodynamic calculations (CALPHAD), empirical martensitic transformation models, and orthogonal experimentation, the predictive framework achieved a matrix hardness prediction error of 5.2 % (32.58 HV) and 91.52 % accuracy in wear loss prediction—22.11 % superior to Archard's model. Experimental validation across three alloy variants confirmed a minimal 4.0 % deviation (3.18 mg), demonstrating the model's reliable prediction fidelity. This framework provides precise predictions of abrasive wear performance for C–V–Cr–Mo alloys, and offers a reference for establishing predictive frameworks for the wear resistance of other alloy systems.