Development and Effectiveness of an Android-Based Smart Score Application for Aerobic Gymnastics Assessment

Aerobic gymnastics competitions demand high levels of objectivity and transparency in judging, yet scoring in Indonesia still relies on paper-based sheets. This manual system often leads to delays in score recapitulation, human errors in calculation, and limited transparency for athletes and coaches. In competitions with many participants, judges may require up to 15 minutes to finalize one routine, undermining efficiency and fairness. These challenges highlight the need for a modern, accurate, and efficient digital scoring system. This study aimed to develop and evaluate the effectiveness of an Android-based Smart Score application tailored for aerobic gymnastics assessment. The research employed a Research and Development (R&D) design using the Borg and Gall model, involving ten stages from needs analysis, system design, and expert validation to small- and large-scale trials. Participants included material, media, and language experts, alongside 14 certified aerobic gymnastics judges. Instruments consisted of expert validation questionnaires, practicality questionnaires, observation sheets, and system performance logs, with data analyzed for validity, reliability, feasibility, and effectiveness. The results demonstrated that the Smart Score application met international judging standards established by the Fédération Internationale de Gymnastique (FIG). Expert validation categorized the product as highly feasible, with Aiken’s V values reaching 1.00 in media assessment. Small- and large-scale trials confirmed the practicality and usability of the system, achieving feasibility scores between 83% and 93%. The application significantly improved time efficiency, minimized scoring errors, and enhanced transparency compared to manual methods. In conclusion, the Smart Score application is a valid, practical, and effective digital tool for aerobic gymnastics assessment. It modernizes the scoring process, reduces subjectivity, and ensures fairer competition outcomes, with potential for broader implementation in national and international events.