Post-Pandemic Resilience of Retort-Based SMEs: A Literature-Based Analysis of Business Model Adaptation

The COVID-19 pandemic exposed vulnerabilities across small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), particularly in the food processing sector. Disruptions in supply chains, labour shortages, and shifting consumer demands threatened operational continuity. Retort-based SMEs, specialising in shelf-stable food production, hold a unique position in post-pandemic resilience due to their role in food security and consumer convenience. This article analyses how business models in retort-based SMEs adapted to challenges and opportunities post-pandemic. By synthesising existing research on business model resilience, food SMEs, and crisis adaptation, the study identifies five major themes: supply chain reconfiguration, digitalisation, product innovation, sustainability practices, and workforce adaptation. Findings suggest resilient SMEs demonstrate adaptive capabilities through diversification of distribution channels, integration of e-commerce, agile production strategies, and adoption of green practices. A conceptual framework is proposed, linking business model adaptation with long-term resilience strategies in retort SMEs. The study highlights research gaps and the need for sector-specific frameworks to guide SMEs toward sustainable growth.