To Study Maternal and Fetal Outcome in Severe Anemia in Gujarat Adani Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhuj, Kachchh

Background: Severe anemia in pregnancy remains a major public health concern in India, contributing significantly to maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. Early detection and appropriate management are crucial to improving outcomes. Aim: To study the cases of severe anemia during pregnancy and evaluate their effects on maternal and fetal outcomes at Gujarat Adani Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhuj, and Kachchh. Material and Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted at G.K. General Hospital, Bhuj, from November 2019 to October 2021. A total of 150 antenatal and/or intranatal patients with severe anemia (Hb <7.0 gm %) and ≥28 weeks gestation was included. Detailed clinical history, obstetric examination, and relevant investigations were performed. Patients were managed with oral iron, parenteral iron, or blood transfusions as appropriate and followed for maternal and fetal outcomes. Results: The majority of patients (42%) were aged 25–29 years, with 55.33% booked and 44.67% unbooked. Severe anemia (Hb 4–6.9 gm %) was seen in 93.33% and very severe anemia (<4 gm %) in 6.66%. Vaginal delivery was the predominant mode (86.66%), with LSCS in 13.33%. Fetal outcomes included 91.33% live births, 8.66% stillbirths/IUD, 47% preterm births, and 41% NICU admissions. Maternal complications included infections, preterm labor, and cardiac strain. Conclusion: Severe anemia significantly impacts both maternal and fetal health, increasing the risk of preterm birth, NICU admission, and stillbirth. Strengthening antenatal care, early screening, and appropriate anemia management are essential to improve maternal and fetal outcomes.