The role of transport infrastructure in the sustainable development of mountainous areas in Serbia

Spatial-functional changes are significantly influenced by transport infrastructure as a key factor in integrating mountainous areas into contemporary development processes and sustainability frameworks. This study presents an analysis of the impact of the road network on the transformation of these predominantly rural areas, with a focus on their connectivity to urban and tourist centers, as well as their role in adapting to social and environmental challenges. Special attention is given to the maintenance of roads under extreme climatic conditions (snowfall, rain, low air temperatures, ice, fog), occurrences of landslides, rockfalls, and other hazards. Multi-criteria analyses indicate potential approaches that can enhance the resilience and functionality of infrastructure within the objectives of sustainable development. The research findings highlight a direct correlation between the development of the transport network and changes in population mobility, access to public services, and economic activities in rural areas. The recommendations include strategies for long-term infrastructure management, considering the specific characteristics of mountainous regions.