Optic Nerve Head Parameters and Retinal Nerve Fibre Layer Thickness in Migraine Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study

Purpose: To evaluate the optic nerve head (ONH) parameters and retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) thickness in patients suffering from migraine, and to assess whether migraine chronicity correlates with changes in ocular structures.Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted on 160 migraine patients (320 eyes) aged 20–60 years. Participants were categorized based on migraine chronicity (chronic vs. episodic) using ICHD-3 guidelines. Comprehensive ophthalmologic evaluation including optical coherence tomography (OCT) was performed to assess RNFL, central macular thickness (CMT), intraocular pressure (IOP), and ONH parameters.Results: The mean RNFL thickness was significantly lower in patients with chronic migraine (Right Eye: 90.84 μm; Left Eye: 92.97 μm) compared to episodic migraine (Right Eye: 100.39 μm; Left Eye: 98.84 μm, p<0.05). Older age and longer migraine duration were significantly associated with RNFL thinning. Visual acuity was also reduced in patients with RNFL thinning. There was no significant difference in intraocular pressure between groups.Conclusion: Migraine, especially in its chronic form, is associated with thinning of RNFL, suggesting potential subclinical optic nerve involvement. OCT serves as a valuable tool for early detection of such changes, aiding in preventive ophthalmic care in migraine patients.