An Optimization Framework for End-of-Life Product Return Timing

This study introduces an optimization framework for the timing of End-of-Life (EOL) product returns as an innovative strategy for managing EOL products to enhance circular supply chain (SC) performance. The proposed framework incorporates a multi-objective scenario-based mathematical model to determine optimal return timing under varying scenarios of SC capacity. The findings offer actionable insights for managers and policymakers to align SC operations with circular economy principles, addressing uncertainties in EOL product flows while achieving sustainability and resilience.