Requirement analysis for facilitating model-driven design in industrial electronic waste recycling

The transition to a circular economy requires models that capture the complex interdependencies of recycling and resource reuse across industries, which traditional linear models fail to capture. This study extends the Product-Process-Resource (PPR) model by integrating circular flows, feedback loops and cross-company collaboration features. A case study on multi-metal recycling of Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) demonstrates its application in integrating material flows and fostering stakeholder co-ordination. This PPR for recycling (PPR4R) model serves as a conceptual foundation, enabling sustainable practices and supporting the development of detailed MBSE (Model based Systems Engineering) models tailored for circular production systems. The findings suggest that PPR4R models facilitate tracing modeling elements from a company-spanning business process perspective down to a control-system perspective.