A Multiple Case Study Providing Insights Into Applying Digital Product Passport in Several Industries

A digital product passport (DPP) is a set of data specific to a product that includes the information of a product which can be electronically accessed through a data carrier. It can support sustainable production and assist consumers and businesses in making informed choices when purchasing products. There has been a growing interest in the applications of DPP in the research and business domains working on developing and implementing DPPs. Implementation of DPPs faces challenges such as high-quality data, data standards, knowledge barriers and IP rights. This study aims to provide insights from three cases implementing DPPs and compile the learnings and improvement possibilities across three industries: textiles, additive manufacturing, and manufacturing engineering. Blockchain technology to ensure data quality and smart contracts to control user access are common solutions for data security across all three use cases. Additionally, the use cases enhance the technology adoption of DPPs for all actors in the supply chain and integrate DPPs with life cycle assessment to evaluate energy consumption and carbon emissions, aligning with sustainability goals. The findings highlight the importance of a comprehensive strategy integrating technical innovation, standardisation, and education.