<i>Euclid</i> : methodology for derivation of IPC-corrected conversion gain of nonlinear CMOS APS

We introduce a fast method to measure the conversion gain in complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor active pixel sensors, which accounts for nonlinearity and interpixel capacitance (IPC). The standard “mean-variance” method is biased because it assumes that pixel values depend linearly on the signal, and existing methods to correct for nonlinearity still introduce significant biases. While current IPC correction methods are prohibitively slow for a per-pixel application, our new method uses separate measurements of the IPC kernel to calculate the gain almost instantaneously. Using test data from a flight detector of the ESA Euclid mission, the IPC correction recovers the results of slower methods with 0.1% accuracy. The nonlinearity correction ensures that the estimated gain is independent of signal, correcting a bias of more than 2.5%.

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Journal
Astronomy and Astrophysics
Published
2025-12-10
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202556173
Primary Topic
Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuit Design
Type
article
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article

Euclid : methodology for derivation of IPC-corrected conversion gain of nonlinear CMOS APS

S Pires, G. Seidel, J. Brinchmann, R. P. Saglia et al.
Astronomy and Astrophysics
Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuit Design
article

Euclid : methodology for derivation of IPC-corrected conversion gain of nonlinear CMOS APS

S Pires, G. Seidel, J. Brinchmann, R. P. Saglia, P. Tallada-Crespí, G. Riccio, L. Conversi, Chris Carbone, C. Sirignano, M. Brescia, E. Kajfasz, J. Carretero, F. Marulli, C. Giocoli, O. Marggraf, F. Courbin, Y. Copin, Pietro Battaglia, M. Jhabvala, G. Sirri, S. Mei, S. Bardelli, F Faustini, J Steinwagner, V. Capobianco, W Holmes, L. Moscardini, S.-M Niemi, S. Farrens, J Le Graet, M Poncet, S. V. H. Haugan, R. Massey, T. Vassallo, R. Toledo-Moreo, M. Moresco, L Stanco, D. Sapone, M. Meneghetti, D. Bonino, J.W Nightingale, A. Veropalumbo, L. Valenziano, A Kiessling, A. Caillat, E. Romelli, Christopher J. Conselice, S Andreon, I. Tutusaus, O. Mansutti, N. Martinet, W. Gillard, S. Escoffier, C. Padilla Aranda, E. Maiorano, B. Gillis, M. Roncarelli, F. Dubath, S Casas, A. Hornstrup, E. Medinaceli, K. Jahnkę, A. Secroun, M. Farina, F. Pasian, J. Weller, M. Castellano, C Colodro-Conde, S. Galeotta, F. Raison, Kim Steenstrup Pedersen, E. Franceschi, J.A Schewtschenko, S. Dusini, K. Markovič, S. Camera, M Schirmer, M. Kilbinger, J. Dinis, V. Lindholm, B. Sartoris, G. Castignani, S. Cavuoti, M. Frailis, S. Kermiche, H.I Teplitz, P. B. Lilje, E. Rossetti, M. Douspis, E. Branchini, H. M. Courtois, Marie Tourneur-Silvain, A. Da Silva, M. D. Seiffert, F Torradeflot, M. Baldi, X. Dupac, L. Popa, I. Tereno, V. Pettorino, G Congedo, H. Kurki‐Suonio, P. Hudelot, R. Kohley, A. Ealet, A.N Taylor, F. Hormuth, G Polenta, Jason Rhodes, A. Cimatti, J. Zoubian, B. Kubik, G Mainetti, I. Lloro, D. Tavagnacco, F Grupp, G. Meylan, S. Paltani, N. Fourmanoit, S. Ferriol, A Renzi, C.A.J Duncan, Yang Wang
article en

Abstract

We introduce a fast method to measure the conversion gain in complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor active pixel sensors, which accounts for nonlinearity and interpixel capacitance (IPC). The standard “mean-variance” method is biased because it assumes that pixel values depend linearly on the signal, and existing methods to correct for nonlinearity still introduce significant biases. While current IPC correction methods are prohibitively slow for a per-pixel application, our new method uses separate measurements of the IPC kernel to calculate the gain almost instantaneously. Using test data from a flight detector of the ESA Euclid mission, the IPC correction recovers the results of slower methods with 0.1% accuracy. The nonlinearity correction ensures that the estimated gain is independent of signal, correcting a bias of more than 2.5%.

Astronomy and AstrophysicsVol. 705
Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (FR), University of Geneva (CH), Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ES), California Institute of Technology (US), University of Copenhagen (DK), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (FR), Goddard Space Flight Center (US), Jet Propulsion Laboratory (US), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (FR), University of Bonn (DE), University of Padua (IT), University of Lisbon (PT), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (IT), Université Fédérale de Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées (FR), Lyon College (US), Universidade do Porto (PT), University of Oslo (NO), Institute for High Energy Physics (ES), University of Milan (IT), Durham University (GB), Université Paris Cité (FR), Aix-Marseille Université (FR), Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives (FR), Université Paris-Saclay (FR), Centre National d'Études Spatiales (FR), Helsinki Institute of Physics (FI), Astronomical Observatory of Rome (IT), Trieste Astronomical Observatory (IT), Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris (FR), Astronomical Observatory of Capodimonte (IT), European Space Agency (FR), Laboratoire AstroParticule et Cosmologie (FR), Brera Astronomical Observatory (IT), United Kingdom Space Agency (GB), Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena (ES), Sorbonne Université (FR), Osservatorio astronomico di Bologna (IT), Astrophysique, Instrumentation et Modélisation (FR), Institute of Astrophysics and Space Sciences (PT), Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics (DE), Centre de physique des particules de Marseille (FR), Laboratoire d’Astrophysique de Marseille (FR), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Torino (IT), Institute for Space Astrophysics and Planetology (IT), Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale (FR), Institut Català de Ciències del Clima (ES), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Padova (IT), Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino (IT), Royal Observatory (GB), SKA Observatory (GB), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Napoli (IT), Max Planck Institute for Astronomy (DE), DAWN Center for Independent Living (US), Château Gombert (FR), Federico II University Hospital (IT), Institute of Theoretical Physics (CN), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Genova (IT), CEA Paris-Saclay (FR), Naples Anesthesia & Physician Associates (US), Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (ES), Felix Scholarship (GB), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Milano (IT), Institute of Space Science - INFLPR Subsidiary (RO), Centre de Calcul de l’Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules (FR), Engineering Science Analysis (United States) (US), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bologna (IT), Port d'Informació Científica (ES), Institute of Nuclear Physics of Lyon (FR), European Space Research Institute (IT), Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (ES), Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie (FR), Infrared Processing and Analysis Center (US), Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio, Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon (FR), European Space Research and Technology Centre (NL), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (CH), University of Turin (IT), University of Chile (CL), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (DE), University of Genoa (IT), Newcastle University (GB), National Institute for Astrophysics (IT), RWTH Aachen University (DE), Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy (NL), University of Bologna (IT), Technical University of Denmark (DK), University of Edinburgh (GB)
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Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuit Design
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