Design of low-noise arrival and departure procedures in Paris TMA using Simulated Annealing

Air traffic continues to grow and there is a risk of congestion in the near future. The areas most affected by this growth are the terminal manoeuvring areas (TMAs), which are the bottlenecks in the airspace. In order to mitigate this phenomenon, it is necessary to design optimised departure/arrival routes to smooth the air traffic flow and reduce controller workload. This study addresses the problem of designing Standard Instrument Departure and Standard Terminal Arrival Routes (SID and STAR) taking into account the noise impact. The proposed algorithm is based on the Simulated Annealing method and Dubins curves. The method is tested at Paris Charles-De-Gaulle (CDG) airport and compared with previous work. Then, a noise impact study is carried out to propose short and not very noisy routes. Finally, Orly airport is added to the CDG scenario and the method is tested again. The results obtained seem satisfactory in view of the current state of air traffic management and previous research.