Postbiotics as an Innovative Intervention Strategy for Ulcerative Colitis: Insights into Bioactive Components and Mechanisms of Action

Ulcerative Colitis (UC) is an inflammatory disorder of the intestinal mucosa, characterized by recurrent inflammatory responses and dysfunction of the intestinal barrier. Recent research has revealed the crucial role of postbiotics in modulating gut flora and immune responses. However, the specific mechanisms by which postbiotics and their active ingredients influence gastrointestinal diseases remain unclear. Here, we review the literature on the sources and preparation of postbiotics. We also discuss the latest progress in understanding the pathways by which the active ingredients of postbiotics regulate UC. By understanding the effects of postbiotic bioactive components on the intestinal barrier, microbiota regulation, and immune metabolism, we can examine the potential to manipulate intestinal inflammation through postbiotics and delay the progression of UC. Although clinical validation of postbiotic applications is currently limited, these findings present an appealing new perspective for advancing probiotic research in the context of UC.