The network nature of the interaction of small business entities in outsourcing processes

The study is devoted to the analysis of the network interaction of small businesses in the framework of outsourcing, due to the transformation of modern business systems towards the network paradigm. The purpose of the work is to identify the features and principles of the formation of such networks, as well as to assess their synergetic effect. The methodological base includes a network approach, comparative analysis, and methods for evaluating effectiveness. It has been established that outsourcing in small businesses is characterized by strategic validity, long-term partnership, institutionalization of trust and project orientation of contracts. The key factors of networking are limited resources, global competition, access to innovation, and digitalization. The principles of network formation are highlighted, the types of networks and their participants are described. Indicators of synergy assessment are proposed. It has been proven that joining the network is economically beneficial if the total value of the participants increases. The results confirm that outsourcing-based network structures allow small businesses to overcome resource constraints, increase adaptability and competitiveness. The research contributes to the development of the theory of network economics and offers tools for practical application in small business management.