A – 102 A 49 year longitudinal study following a sodium thiopental overdose

Abstract Objective This case study examines the longitudinal cognitive performance of a 76-year-old man following sodium thiopental overdose in 1976 during oral surgery, which required resuscitation. Sodium pentothal overdose is associated with anoxia and memory impairment. ​​The patient experienced cognitive changes, particularly with memory, following the incident. Complex partial seizures occurred in 2024. Treatment has included Keppra, speech therapy and maintaining a healthy lifestyle. This case offers a rare opportunity to examine cognitive resilience after nearly five decades, with neuropsychological data from 1976, 2021, 2022, and 2025. Method Neuropsychological testing, EEG findings, and standardized questionnaires were reviewed. Recent tests included the Weschler Adult Intelligence Scale-IV, Wechsler Memory Scale-IV, Hopkins Verbal Learning Test, Boston Naming Test and Trail Making Test, and Wisconsin Care Sorting Test, while previous testing only included the WAIS-R. Results In 1976, the patient’s Full Scale IQ was 103 (Verbal IQ = 106; Performance IQ = 98). In 2022, Full Scale IQ was 94, (VCI = 102, WMI = 97, PSI = 89 and PRI = 92). EEG in 2021 revealed focal bilateral temporal lobe dysfunction. Other recent cognitive tests demonstrated stable results in areas of memory executive functioning, attention and language. Conclusion This case demonstrates long-term functional stability despite early anoxic injury and late-onset seizures, highlighting the role of interdisciplinary care and neuroplasticity in aging with complex neurological histories. The patient reported consistently implementing exercise, socialization, speech therapy and medication. This supports that development and maintenance of healthy lifestyle and treatment are effective strategies against cognitive decline that can accompany sodium thiopental overdose.