Chemical Composition of Essential Oils from Cultivated Laser trilobum (L.) Borkh. in Different Plant Parts

This study investigates the essential oil composition of Laser trilobum (L.) Borkh., a perennial Apiaceae species traditionally used for its aromatic and medicinal properties, with a focus on the characterization of its chemical profile under cultivation. Essential oils were extracted via hydrodistillation from the fruits, stems, leaves, and rhizomes of cultivated L. trilobum, followed by compositional analysis using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and flame ionization detection (GC-FID). The fruit essential oil ratios of the L. trilobum species were determined in the fruits, leaves, stems, and rhizomes, respectively 8.55%, 0.03%,0.05% and 1.07%. Fruit oils were rich in monoterpenes, particularly perillaldehyde (40.75%) and limonene (38.83%). Stems and leaves were dominated by the sesquiterpene β-caryophyllene (93.41% and 64.95%, respectively), while rhizome oil was characterized by α-pinene (63.00%) and β-pinene (9.98%). Climatic conditions during the cultivation period, particularly warm temperatures and timely precipitation during flowering and fruiting stages, likely contributed to the observed high levels of key bioactive compounds. These findings provide new reference data for the essential oil profiles of L. trilobum cultivated under controlled conditions in Türkiye a and offer insight into volatile compound production across different plant parts. The data may serve as a basis for future investigations into potential commercial, pharmaceutical, and nutraceutical uses.