Field Evaluation and Biochemical Profiling of Mustard Genotypes for Sustainable Oilseed Production in Satkhira, Bangladesh

To identify high-yielding mustard varieties and assess their biochemical properties, a study was conducted during the Rabi season of 2021–2022 at a farmer’s field in Nagarghata, Satkhira district, Khulna division, using a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Eight varieties and genotypes—Binasarisha-4, Binasarisha-9, Binasarisha-11, BARI Sarisha-14, BARI Sarisha-17, BARI Sarisha-18, and two mutant lines (RM-05 and RM-20)—were evaluated. Significant variation was recorded among the tested materials for traits including the number of branches per plant, siliqua count per plant, siliqua length, 1000-seed weight, and seed yield. Yields ranged from 1.43 to 1.80 t/ha, with Binasarisha-9 and BARI Sarisha-18 achieving the highest yields (1.80 t/ha), followed by Binasarisha-4 (1.63 t/ha), Binasarisha-11 (1.60 t/ha), and BARI Sarisha-17 (1.56 t/ha). Biochemical analysis revealed that RM-05 and RM-20 had the highest seed moisture content, BARI Sarisha-14 had the highest protein content, and BARI Sarisha-17 and BARI Sarisha-18 contained greater amounts of ash and carbohydrates. Meanwhile, Binasarisha-4, 9, and 11 exhibited higher energy and oil contents. Fatty acid analysis indicated a positive correlation between linoleic and oleic acids, as well as between linolenic and arachidic acids. Although no significant difference was found in seed yield between Binasarisha-9 and BARI Sarisha-18, varieties such as BARI Sarisha-14, BARI Sarisha-17, and Binasarisha-11 showed earlier maturity. These early-maturing varieties could be effectively incorporated into intensive cropping systems, offering farmers better economic returns and enhancing land-use efficiency.