Understanding Wheat Stripe Rust: A Review of Sustainable Management and Impact

Wheat stripe rust, caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici, has emerged globally as a serious pathogen in wheat-producing regions. Historical evidence suggests that stripe rust prevalence in wheat existed before people began growing wheat as a staple crop. The disease is characterized by yellow-orange pustule stripes on leaves and other above-ground plant parts. Its high mutation ability and remarkable adaptation capacity cause significant losses in the host's biomass and overall grain yield. The disease can be effectively managed through multifaceted approaches, including the selection of resistant varieties, eradication of alternate hosts, optimal use of nitrogen, irrigation scheduling, and the deployment of various biocontrol agents such as Bacillus subtilis, Streptomyces tauricus, and Pseudomonas putida. The application of the fungicides Picoxystrobin, Fluoxastrobin, Pyraclostrobin, Propiconazole, Tebuconazole, Prothioconazole, and Metconazole + Pyraclostrobin has also proven effective in controlling stripe rust. Furthermore, the study aims to explore the application of artificial intelligence, machine learning, and disease forecasting models in addressing prediction and management challenges.