Acute leukoencephalopathy with restricted diffusion following mumps infection in a pediatric patient: A case report

Mumps is a self-limiting viral infection that commonly affects the young children. It leads to many complications, primarily affecting the brain, pancreas, and gonads. Neurological complications may be infectious or non-infectious (e.g., para-infectious and post-infectious). Infection-triggered encephalopathy syndromes (ITES), a para-infectious phenomenon, are defined as an acute onset of fever that rapidly progressed to encephalopathy without any evidence of encephalitis, caused by cytokine storm. Acute leukoencephalopathy with restricted diffusion (ALERD) is a specific clinico-radiological phenotype of ITES. We are presenting a case of mumps complicated by ALERD.