Novel processing algorithms for efficient dam seepage surveys via improved symmetric multielectrode electrical exploration

To improve the efficiency of geophysical methods, data processing algorithms are often prioritized for enhancement. The novel improved processing and analysis algorithms of the improved multi-electrode electrical exploration methods that we propose include two options: Option 1 and Option 2. In a previous study, the [Formula: see text] algorithm (associated with Option 1) was applied to investigate seepage at Dong Do dam in Vietnam, producing structural image with clearly defined geological layer boundaries. To further assess the effectiveness of these data processing algorithms in dam and dike research, the [Formula: see text] algorithm (corresponding to Option 2) was applied in this study to survey the same Dong Do dam. The results yielded a resistivity cross-section that revealed differences in horizontal anisotropy and identified blocky anomalies. These findings demonstrate that the application of both algorithms is effective, allowing for comprehensive determination of the dam's structure, as well as the depth and extent of subsurface features. Accordingly, researchers can select either of the two novel data processing options from the improved symmetric multi-electrode electrical exploration method based on the specific objectives and targets of their investigation-while still achieving optimized outcomes.