Experimental investigation of the effect of engineered nanographene on the flexure and shear behavior of reinforced concrete beams

Abstract This study investigates the influence of graphene nanoplatelets (GnP) on the mechanical properties of concrete and the flexural behavior of reinforced concrete beams (GnP RC beams). Concrete mixtures were prepared with GnP concentrations of 0.00%, 0.02%, 0.04%, 0.10%, and 0.30% by cement weight. Key mechanical properties evaluated include compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, flexural strength, shear capacity, and modulus of elasticity. Additionally, the flexural and shear behavior of GnP-RC beams was analyzed, focusing on the moment–curvature relationship, ductility, crack patterns, and failure mechanisms. The incorporation of GnP aimed to enhance concrete’s mechanical performance and structural efficiency through nanoscale reinforcement. The results demonstrated that GnP significantly improved the mechanical properties of concrete. At 0.04% GnP, compressive strength increased by 12%, and splitting tensile strength improved by 18.6%. The ultimate flexural and shear capacities of GnP-RC beams increased by 20.7% and 40.8%, respectively, whereas post-cracking Ductility improved by 53%. A noticeable refinement in crack distribution was observed, indicating improved stress transfer and reduced crack widths. Moreover, the inclusion of GnP enhanced the overall stiffness of the beams, contributing to their improved load-carrying capacity. These findings highlight the potential of GnP to address key limitations of conventional concrete, offering a promising approach for more sustainable and high-performance construction materials.