Perfil dos pacientes com lesão renal aguda no pós operatório de cirurgia cardíaca em um hospital de referência em Salvador – BA

Background: Acute kidney injury is the second most common major complication in the postoperative phase of cardiac surgeries, being responsible for longer hospital stays, the need for dialysis, and higher mortality rates. Its development is related to preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative risk factors, such as patients’ preexisting comorbidities, type of surgery, duration of cardiopulmonary bypass, need for blood transfusion, and use of vasopressor agents. Objectives: To describe the profile of patients with cardiac surgery-associated acute kidney injury at Hospital Ana Nery, in Salvador, Bahia. Methodology: Observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study with a control group, using secondary data obtained from the electronic health records of Hospital Ana Nery, Salvador, Bahia. Results: Among the 1,132 patients included in the study, 22 developed postoperative acute kidney injury. The main comorbidities among these patients were systemic arterial hypertension, with a prevalence of 77.7% among the affected patients and 64.9% in the general population; type 2 diabetes mellitus, with a prevalence of 31.8% among the affected patients and 25.2% in the general population; and endocarditis, with a prevalence of 22.7% among the affected patients and 4% in the general population. Among intraoperative factors, 59.1% of the affected patients required blood transfusion, compared to 30.1% of the general population. Regarding postoperative factors, the median postoperative creatinine level was 2.85 mg/dL in the affected group, compared to 0.68 mg/dL in the general population. Conclusion: Identifying risk factors is essential, as it allows for patient profiling and the development of strategies to prevent acute kidney injury, improve surgical outcomes, shorten hospital stays, reduce the need for dialysis and mortality rates, and consequently lower hospital costs.