Physico-Chemical Characteristics and Nutrient Dynamics of Lake Tso Moriri, a Ramsar Site in Ladakh, India

Lake Tso Moriri, located in the Changthang region of Ladakh, India, at an altitude of 4,569 m above sea level, is a high-altitude brackish lake designated as a Ramsar site. This study investigates the physico-chemical parameters and nutrient dynamics of the lake and its tributaries. The lake, characterized by its endorheic nature and arid climate, exhibits high salinity with a pH of 8.7, categorizing it as brackish water. Ionic progression in the lake follows Mg > Na > Ca > K, differing from its tributaries (Ca > Na > Mg > K), due to precipitation of calcium carbonate in the alkaline environment. Elevated total dissolved solids (TDS) and total hardness exceed drinking water standards, reflecting significant salt accumulation driven by evaporation. Nutrient levels, including nitrogen and phosphorus, remain low due to minimal anthropogenic and agricultural activities in the catchment. The lake supports a unique ecosystem, hosting rare and endangered migratory birds such as the black-necked crane and bar-headed goose. However, increasing tourism and grazing activities threaten its ecological balance. This baseline data highlights the lakes unique limnological characteristics and underscores the need for conservation efforts to protect its biodiversity.