A Case Study on the Energy Efficiency of Windows in Institutional and Residential Buildings

Building energy consumption occupies an increasing proportion of the total energy consumption of society, and the use of energy-efficient windows can have great significance for energy saving. This case study examined the energy efficiency of various types of windows of the buildings on the University of New Brunswick campus, Fredericton, Canada. The energy performance of these windows was monitored by an infrared thermal camera from November 2021 to April 2022 and assessed in terms of the heat loss between different types of windows. The main findings were that (1) the temperature distribution of a window was strongly influenced by the indoor and outdoor temperature; (2) wood frame windows showed better insulation properties than metal frame ones; (3) fixed windows had a better energy performance than sliding windows and single-hung windows; and (4) the east orientation of a building and the use of Low-E glazing were the most effective expedients to reduce the winter energy required. By comparing these findings with earlier research, this study contributes new insights for cold climates, underscoreing the importance of Low-E glazing and configuration choice in building retrofits for energy-efficient, sustainable construction.