Qualitative analysis, antioxidant properties of azolla and duckweed against chemo-stress in carp fish exposed to CuSO4

The study aimed to determine the antioxidant and protective and potential effect of Azolla (A. filiculoides Lam.), Duckweed (Lemna spp.) and their mixture against the effect of CuSO4 0.5 mg/L poisoning on carp fingerlings (Cyprinus carpio L.). The study divided in two parts, the first included extraction and identification of the active compounds from Azolla and Duckweed by using HPLC. The second includes the investigation antioxidant potential of Azolla, Duckweed and their mixture against CuSO4 on carp fingerlings, the experiment consisted of five groups, each group consisting of three replicates over a period of 56 days. The control group: was left (untreated), and the positive control group: treated with CuSO4 alone 0.5 mg/L. The third group treated with Azolla with CuSO4, and the fourth group: treated with Duckweed with CuSO4. Finally, the fifth group: was treated with a mixture of Azolla, Duckweed with CuSO4. After the end of experimental time 56 days, fish samples were collected, dissected, and organs removed. Significant differences were recorded in the levels of albumin, total protein, triglycerides, cholesterol, and globulin. Pathological changes were also recorded in the tissues of the gills and intestines of fish, which showed hemorrhage with hydropic degeneration of epithelial cells exposed to CuSO4. The intestine also shows severe hydrophilic degeneration of the epithelial cells covering the villi, with destruction and peeling of the apex of the cells.