In vitro antioxidant and antimicrobial activities and therapeutic effects of Rhizopogon luteolus Fr. extract on cecal ligation and puncture-induced sepsis in rats

The purpose of this research was to determine how Rhizopogon luteolus extract (RLE) affects rat cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced sepsis. Wistar albino rats were randomly assigned to six groups (n = 8). (1) Sham group; (2) CLP group; (3) CLP+1% RLE group; (4) CLP+5% RLE group; (5) CLP+10% RLE group; (6) CLP+25% RLE group. Rat liver, kidney, ileum, and lung tissues were examined histologically and biochemically. The degree of infiltration in the lung, liver, ileum, and renal tissues was substantially lower in the CLP+10% RLE group than in the CLP group. With the exception of the kidneys, all tissues in the CLP+25% RLE group showed substantial histological improvement. Compared with the CLP group, the CLP group presented considerable reductions in mucosal epithelial degeneration and desquamation. The increased malondialdehyde levels in the liver, kidney and ileum tissues of the sepsis-induced groups were significantly lower than those in the RLE-treated groups by 5% or more. The decreased glutathione and catalase activities in the ileum tissues of the CLP groups significantly increased in the RLE-treated groups by 5% and above. The decrease in superoxide dismutase levels in the liver and kidney tissues of the sepsis-induced injury group increased significantly in the groups with 5% RLE in the liver tissue and 1% RLE in the kidney tissue. RLE, which has been proven by in vitro studies, has therapeutic effects on the lung, liver, kidney and ileum tissues of rats with sepsis caused by CLP. Among the doses tested, 10% RLE exhibited the most consistent and significant protective effects in reducing histopathological damage and restoring antioxidant balance in sepsis-affected tissues.