Health Challenges of the Elderly in India: A Comprehensive Literature Review

India’s rapidly ageing population faces multifaceted health challenges that impact quality of life and healthcare systems. This paper synthesizes literature on elderly health in India, examining demographic and socio-economic factors, key physical, mental, and social health challenges, and existing policy and programmatic responses. The review identifies gaps in mental health care, functional support, nutrition, healthcare access, and evaluation of policy interventions. It emphasizes the need for integrated, culturally sensitive, and evidence-based strategies to improve elderly well-being. Strengthening geriatric healthcare, community support, and research is critical to ensure dignity and resilience for India’s older adults.