In-Situ X-ray Diffraction and Simulation Study on Biaxial Orientation of DyBa₂Cu₃O_<i>y</i> Microcrystals under Modulated Rotating Magnetic Field

The biaxial alignment of DyBa2Cu3Oy (Dy123, y ≥ 6.8) superconducting microcrystals under modulated rotating magnetic fields (MRMFs) was investigated through a combination of orientation simulations and in situ X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements. Although an MRMF has shown anisotropic alignment in feebly magnetic materials, the kinetic conditions required to optimize biaxial orientation remain poorly understood. In this study, we identified the critical rotational parameters necessary to achieve biaxial alignment by modeling the torque-driven dynamics of microcrystals suspended in a viscous medium. The simulations revealed a threshold condition for the fast rotation speed, which was experimentally validated using in situ XRD. The results provide a quantitative framework for controlling crystal orientation in RE123 and related superconducting materials using magnetic alignment techniques.