Isolation, Pathogenicity and Genomic Analysis of Mannheimia haemolytica Strain XJCJMh1 in Bovine-Mycoplasma Co-Infection

Mixed infections of <i>Mannheimia haemolytica</i> and <i>Mycoplasma bovis</i> are relatively common in bovine respiratory diseases, presenting severe respiratory symptoms and high mortality that severely endanger the cattle industry. In this study, a serotype A1 strain of <i>Mannheimia haemolytica</i>, designated as XJCJMh1, was isolated and identified from the lung tissue of a hybrid Simmental calf infected with <i>Mycoplasma bovis</i>. The pathogenicity of this strain was evaluated using Kunming mice as a model. The results indicated that infection with XJCJMh1 caused pathological manifestations such as pulmonary hemorrhage and edema in mice. Subsequently, the genome of this strain was sequenced and assembled using Illumina sequencing to obtain general genomic features. The genome was annotated and analyzed for gene functions using the Swiss-Prot, NR, GO, COG, KEGG, CAZy, TCDB, and Pfam databases. Additionally, the virulence factors and resistance genes of this strain were annotated using the PHI, VFDB, and CARD databases. The genome of <i>Mannheimia haemolytica</i> XJCJMh1 is 2,595,489 base pairs (bp) in length, with a GC content of 40.93%. Notably, this strain exhibits three distinct genomic islands and contains 98 effectors associated with the type III secretion system (T3SS). The XJCJMh1 strain harbors 74 virulence genes and 45 resistance genes. We annotated the proteins, genes, and associated GO and KEGG pathways of the XJCJMh1 strain; exploring the relationship between these annotations and the strain's pathogenicity is of considerable value. This study is of great significance for clarifying the pathogenic mechanism and genetic characteristics of the <i>Mannheimia haemolytica</i> strain XJCJMh1 in cattle, and its results provide a scientific reference for analyzing the genomic basis of pathogenicity and drug resistance of <i>Mannheimia haemolytica</i> under co-infection conditions.