A Phase-Theoretic Approach to Serial Verb Constructions in Semitic

In this paper, we examine Serial Verb Constructions (SVCs) in Semitic from a phase-theoretic perspective. SVCs are constructions where two verbs appear in series and form a single predicate. In Semitic, SVCs are asymmetrical (i.e., one verb is lighter than the other), contiguous (i.e., nothing can come between the two verbs), and exhibit concordant marking (i.e., both verbs share the same inflection). The question we set out to address is what principles predict the emergence of contiguity, cohesion, and concordant marking? To account for these properties from a phase-theoretic perspective, we then examine two derivations. In the first, SVCs have two CPs, one for each serial verb, and a single pro to be shared between them. We demonstrate that this is likely a pre-canonical derivation in that it is still bi-clausal and has a residual position for a coordinator. In the second derivation, there is only one CP. This solution provides an account for asymmetry (i.e., clausal division of labor) and by upholding the monoclausal criterion is canonical. To support our analysis, we draw on illustrative examples from Arabic, Hebrew, and Aramaic, each fully glossed and structurally analyzed. Finally, we argue that each derivation reflects a stage in the development of SVCs; two CPs for pre-canonical SVCs, one CP for canonical ones. We then show that this clause fusion is the reanalysis of dual-CP into single-CP, which by reducing the number of phases per derivation, is a consequence of the principle of economy.