Functionalized Bacterial Cellulose for Medical Tissue Engineering

ABSTRACT Functionalized materials derived from bacterial cellulose (BC) have demonstrated diverse applications across various fields. Recent advancements in the functionalization of BC have led to continuous innovations, encompassing both in situ and ex situ approaches. These methods include surface group modification, in situ nanoparticle growth, carbonization, as well as a range of biosynthetic and chemical modifications. Additionally, physical modification techniques such as freeze‐drying, hot pressing, vacuum filtration, and supercritical drying have been employed. Often, these methods are combined and further innovated to enhance the material's properties. This article begins by reviewing the structure and physical properties of BC, analyzing the principles underlying functional modification, and discussing the various methods of functionalization. It also highlights the key applications of functionalized BC in medical materials. Furthermore, this paper suggests new ideas and potential future research directions to further advance functional modifications.