Outcomes and Drain Use in Laparoscopic vs. Converted Open Cholecystectomy Cases: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy was safe and effective, with most procedures completed laparoscopically. Conversion was associated with increased morbidity and longer recovery. Drain placement did not reduce postoperative complications in either completed or converted cases, but was associated with prolonged hospital stay. Selective use should be reserved for technically challenging situations.